Martial arts terms glossary

Aikido is a modern Japanese martial art that focuses on harmonizing with an opponent's energy to neutralize the threat without causing serious harm.

American Kenpo, also known as Kenpo Karate, is a martial art characterized by its practical self-defense techniques, fluid movements, and adaptability.

American Kickboxing, also known as Full-Contact Kickboxing or Western Kickboxing, is a combat sport that originated in the United States in the early 1970s.

Angathari is an advanced stage of training in Kalaripayattu, the ancient martial art from Kerala, India.

Ashibumi is a fundamental step in Kyudo, the Japanese martial art of archery.

Atemi-Waza refers to striking techniques in traditional Japanese martial arts, including Judo, Aikido, and Karate.

Axé is a vital and multifaceted concept that encompasses the energy, spirit, and positive vibes shared among practitioners.

Ayumi-ashi is another fundamental footwork technique used in various Japanese martial arts, including Kendo, Aikido, and Judo. Unlike suri-ashi, where the feet slide along the ground, ayumi-ashi involves a more natural walking or stepping motion.

Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine that originated in India more than 3,000 years ago.

The Back Stance, also known as "Kokutsu Dachi" in Japanese, is a fundamental stance used in various martial arts, including American Kenpo.

Baguazhang, also known as "Eight Trigram Palm," is a traditional Chinese martial art that is part of the internal styles (neijia) of Chinese martial arts, which also includes Tai Chi and Xing Yi.

Bajiquan (八极拳), also known as Baji Quan or Eight Extremities Fist, is a traditional Chinese martial art that is renowned for its explosive power and close-range combat techniques.

Ballistic stretching is a form of stretching that involves rapid, bouncing movements to push a muscle beyond its typical range of motion.

In martial arts, the term "Bamboo Sword (Dao)" typically refers to a practice weapon made from bamboo that is designed to emulate the characteristics of a traditional Chinese dao.

In sumo wrestling, a "basho" refers to a professional sumo tournament.

Battojutsu, also known as Iaijutsu, is a traditional Japanese martial art focused on the technique of drawing and cutting with a katana (Japanese sword) in a single fluid motion.

The Biakid Kick is the signature and most powerful kick in Sikaran, a traditional Filipino martial art that emphasizes leg-based fighting.

Biomechanics is the scientific study of the mechanical principles of living organisms, particularly their movement and structure.

In combat sports such as boxing, kickboxing, and mixed martial arts (MMA), "bobbing" is a defensive maneuver used to evade punches by moving the head and upper body in a downward and side-to-side motion.

Bogu is the protective armor worn by practitioners of Kendo during training and competition.

Bojutsu is a traditional Japanese martial art that focuses on the use of the bo, a long wooden staff typically around 6 feet (1.8 meters) in length.

A bokken, also known as a bokutō, is a wooden training sword used primarily in Japanese martial arts such as kendo, kenjutsu, aikido, and iaido.

n Filipino martial arts (FMA), the bolo is a large, single-edged blade traditionally used both as a farming tool and a weapon. It holds deep cultural and historical significance in the Philippines and is also integrated into combat training systems like Arnis, Kali, and Eskrima.

Boxing is a combat sport in which two participants, usually wearing protective gloves and other protective equipment such as hand wraps and mouthguards, throw punches at each other within a roped-off area called a boxing ring.

Brass knuckles, also known as knuckle dusters, are handheld weapons designed to fit around the knuckles.

Bushido, often translated as "The Way of the Warrior," is a code of conduct and a way of life that was followed by the samurai, the warrior class of feudal Japan.

Canne de combat is a French martial art that involves fighting with a cane or walking stick.

A capillary is one of the smallest blood vessels in the body, forming a network that connects arteries and veins. In martial arts training, capillaries are the blood vessels most commonly ruptured by impact, pressure, and friction, causing the bruising that practitioners experience during contact training.

Capoeira is a Brazilian martial art that combines elements of dance, acrobatics, music, and self-defense. It was developed by African slaves in Brazil during the 16th century as a way to disguise their training for self-defense and rebellion.

Capoeira Angola is one of the two main styles of Capoeira, the other being Capoeira Regional.

Capoeira Regional is one of the two main styles of Capoeira, the other being Capoeira Angola.

Catch Wrestling, also known as Catch-As-Catch-Can Wrestling, is a traditional grappling art that originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United Kingdom and later became popular in the United States.

The Cat Stance, known as "Neko Ashi Dachi" in Japanese, is a fundamental stance used in various martial arts, including American Kenpo.

Centerline Theory is a fundamental concept in Wing Chun, as well as in other martial arts, that emphasizes the importance of controlling the central axis of the body during combat.

The cestus (plural: cesti) is an ancient form of hand protection used by boxers in ancient Greece and Rome.

Chain punching, also known as "straight blast" or "continuous punching," is a fundamental technique in Wing Chun Kung Fu.

The chakram (also known as chakra) is a traditional throwing weapon that originated in the Indian subcontinent.

Chan, also known as Zen in Japanese, is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that emphasizes meditation, insight, and direct experience of enlightenment.

Chang Quan (长拳), also known as Long Fist, is a traditional style of Chinese martial arts characterized by its extended, flowing movements, wide stances, and dynamic techniques.

Chen Style is the oldest and one of the most traditional styles of Tai Chi Chuan (Taijiquan), originating from the Chen Village (Chenjiagou) in Henan Province, China.

Chikara-mizu, which translates to "power water," is a ritual practice in sumo wrestling that involves wrestlers rinsing their mouths with water before entering the ring for a match.

Chin Na, also spelled Qinna, is a Chinese martial art technique that focuses on seizing and controlling an opponent through joint locks, pressure point manipulation, and other grappling techniques.

Chito-Ryu is a traditional style of karate that was founded by Dr. Tsuyoshi Chitose in the mid-20th century.

Choice Reaction Time (CRT) is a measure of the time it takes for an individual to respond to one of several stimuli by selecting the appropriate response from multiple options.

Chulukua-Ryu is a martial arts system that blends various techniques and philosophies from different martial arts traditions.

Clinching is a technique used in various combat sports, such as boxing, Muay Thai, mixed martial arts (MMA), and wrestling.

Combat Sambo is a style of Sambo that incorporates both grappling and striking techniques, making it a comprehensive martial art designed for self-defense, military, and law enforcement applications.

Contemporary Capoeira, often referred to as "Capoeira Contemporânea," is a modern evolution of Capoeira that blends elements from both traditional Capoeira Angola and Capoeira Regional, along with influences from other martial arts, dance forms, and acrobatics.

A cornerman is a member of a fighter's corner team responsible for providing support, advice, and assistance during a fight, working between rounds to help the fighter recover physically and adjust tactically before the next round begins.

A cutman is a combat sports professional responsible for preventing and treating physical damage to a fighter during the breaks between rounds, using tools and compounds to control swelling, bleeding, and lacerations.

In the context of the traditional Thai martial art Krabi Krabong, "daab" refers to a sword. Specifically, "daab" (also spelled "darb" or "daab song mue") often refers to a single-edged sword that is used in pairs, known as "double swords."

In Filipino Martial Arts (FMA)—such as Arnis, Kali, or Eskrima—the term "Daga" (pronounced DAH-gah) means knife.

A dalian is the short-sleeved wrestling jacket worn in Shuai Jiao, serving as the primary gripping interface for throws and takedowns in Chinese wrestling.

In the context of Kyudo, as well as other Japanese martial arts, Dan (段) refers to advanced levels of proficiency and expertise that practitioners can achieve after progressing through the Kyū (級) ranks.

Daoshu (刀术), also known as Broadsword Technique or Swordsmanship, is a traditional Chinese martial art focused on the use of the dao (刀), a single-edged Chinese broadsword.

Defense dans la rue is a term that translates to "Defense in the street" in English.

Dhanurveda is an ancient Indian treatise on the art of warfare, archery, and martial arts. The term "Dhanurveda" is derived from two Sanskrit words: "Dhanus," which means bow, and "Veda," which means knowledge or science.

A "dohyo" is the ring or platform where sumo wrestling matches take place.

Dohyo-iri is the ring-entering ceremony performed by sumo wrestlers before official matches during a sumo tournament.

A Dojo is a term used in Japanese martial arts to refer to a formal training hall or place where practitioners gather to train, study, and practice their martial art.

Dōjō Kun = the 5 guiding rules of conduct recited in Karate dojos, teaching respect, self-control, honesty, effort, and non-violence.

Dōzukuri is an essential step in Kyudo, the Japanese martial art of archery.

Duillian (对练), also known as Duilian or Two-Person Sets, is a traditional training method in Chinese martial arts where two practitioners engage in pre-arranged, choreographed combat sequences.

Dutch kickboxing is a style of kickboxing that originated in the Netherlands. It combines techniques from traditional Muay Thai, Western boxing, and Kyokushin karate.

Dutch Kickboxing is a style of kickboxing that originated in the Netherlands and is known for its aggressive and highly technical approach.

Dynamic flexibility refers to the ability to move a joint or muscle through its full range of motion with speed and control.

Economy of motion is a fundamental principle in martial arts, particularly emphasized in styles like Wing Chun.

Emeici, also known as Emei daggers or Emei piercers, are traditional Chinese martial arts weapons.

Enshin Karate is a modern style of karate founded by Joko Ninomiya in 1988.

An enswell is a small, flat piece of chilled metal used by a cutman to apply cold direct pressure to swelling around a fighter's eyes between rounds, reducing hematoma formation without disrupting underlying tissue.

Escrima, also known as Arnis or Kali, is a Filipino martial art that focuses on weapon-based fighting, particularly with sticks, knives, and other bladed weapons.

Espada y Daga is a dual-weapon fighting style in Filipino martial arts that combines a long weapon (sword/stick) with a short weapon (dagger/knife).

Fei Lung Kung Fu (also spelled Fei Long Kung Fu), which translates to "Flying Dragon Kung Fu," is a style of Chinese martial arts that emphasizes fluid, dynamic movements and powerful strikes.

Feints are deceptive maneuvers used in various sports and martial arts to mislead an opponent and create openings for effective attacks.

Foam rollers are cylindrical pieces of exercise equipment made from dense foam, used for self-myofascial release (SMR), a technique that helps relieve muscle tightness, soreness, and inflammation, and increase joint range of motion.

The Folding Fan, known as "Phi Tiêu" in Vietnamese, is a traditional weapon used in various martial arts, including Vovinam.

The Forward Bow Stance, also known as the Front Stance or Zenkutsu Dachi in Japanese, is a fundamental stance used in various martial arts, including American Kenpo.

Freestyle Sambo is a variant of Sambo that combines elements of traditional Sambo with additional techniques and rules, often influenced by other grappling arts such as Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, judo, and wrestling.

Fudoshin represents a state of mental equanimity in martial arts. It embodies unwavering focus and composure, even in challenging situations. Practitioners cultivate this "immovable mind" through rigorous training and discipline.

Fu Hu Bu (伏虎步), also known as the Tiger Stance or Crouching Tiger Stance, is a traditional stance used in various Chinese martial arts.

The gada is a traditional weapon and training tool that has significant historical and cultural importance in the Indian subcontinent.

A gauntlet is a protective glove that was often part of a suit of armor.

Geomdo (also spelled Kumdo or Gumdo) is a modern Korean martial art that focuses on swordsmanship.

“kick” in Japanese martial arts — covering all the basic and advanced leg techniques in Karate and related systems.

Goju-Ryu is a style of Karate that originated in Okinawa, Japan.

Gong Bu (弓步), also known as the Bow Stance or Archer Stance, is a fundamental stance in many Chinese martial arts.

Grappling is a term used in martial arts and combat sports to describe techniques that involve manipulating an opponent through holds, locks, throws, and ground control, rather than striking.

Greco-Roman wrestling is a style of wrestling that is one of the oldest forms of combat sports, with origins tracing back to ancient Greece and Rome.

Gymnastic rings, also known simply as rings, are a piece of equipment used in gymnastics and fitness training.

Hapkido is a Korean martial art that combines elements of striking, joint locks, throws, and grappling

Hatakikomi is a technique used in sumo wrestling.

A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside blood vessels, caused by broken capillaries beneath the skin, commonly forming around the eye area during combat sports and posing a fight-stopping risk if left unmanaged.